Prevalence
Obesity is on the rise in 21st century. 1 in 4 adult in UK is obese and 1 in 3 is overweight.
Risks
Obesity can cause diabetes, heart disease, arthritis, fatigue, sleep apnea, high blood pressure and certain cancers.
Cause
Obesity is largely contributed by genetics, lifestyle and excessive intake of short chain carbohydrate and saturated fats.
Target
Our aim is to keep body mass index and abdominal waist in normal range.
Treatment
First, we identify the target weight and establish duration of treatment.
Eating balanced diet with correct amount of branched(complex) carbohydrates, unsaturated fats, fibre and protein derived from white meat or plant based protein. Quantification of carbohydrates is key in management of weight loss. Micronutrient deficiency can trigger appetite so it is equally important to replace it.
Advent of weight loss medications such as GLP-1 agonist injections has helped loose around 7% to 21% weight in 12-18months. However, gastrointestinal side effects are found in up to 40% of patients. It is imperative to identify and treat it regularly. These drugs should only be used under guidance of Endocrinologist.
Aerobic (cardio) exercise is key to weight management, however it needs to be part of daily routine. Caution about excessive anaerobic exercise(high intensity training/weight lifting) as it may trigger appetite and weight gain.
Liposuction only removes excessive fat, which will be replaced easily. It does not provide Cardiovascular safety or prevent risks attached with obesity.
Bariatric surgery has shown good results in weight loss, reversing diabetes and cardiovascular protection.
Future:
With newer drugs on horizon, more people will prefer medications rather than surgery. Contact your Endocrinologist for more information.
Dr Oraizi Jafery
Endocrinology Consultant.
